ARISTOTLE’S MEANINGS OF «ONE»

Altruism across disciplines: one word, multiple meanings

Altruism is a deep and complex phenomenon that is analysed by scholars of various disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, biology, evolutionary anthropology and experimental economics. Much confusion arises in current literature because the term altruism covers variable concepts and processes across disciplines. Here we investigate the sense given to altruism when used in different field...

Understanding One Another: Making Out AI Meanings with Boolean Equations

Autonomous AI agents raise the issue of semantic interoperability between independently architectured and differently embodied intelligences. This paper offers an apporach to the issue that is close in spirit to the way humans make out meanings. Using a mathematical model of cognition, it is shown how autonomously developed conceptualizations can bootstrap and unravel each other’s meanings ad h...

Complementary and alternative medicine in Brazil: one concept, different meanings.

This article discusses the various meanings ascribed to the concept of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Brazil, where research on this theme has a limited tradition in terms of influences from anthropology, sociology of knowledge and epistemology, and sociology of CAM and clinical medicine. By means of the concepts identified in the literature, we elaborated a table with types of...

Kacelnik: Meanings of Rationality (preprint) Meanings of Rationality

The concept of rationality differs between psychology, philosophy, economics and biology. For psychologists and philosophers, the emphasis is on the process by which decisions are made: rational beliefs are arrived at by reasoning and contrasted with beliefs arrived at by emotion, faith, authority or arbitrary choice. Economists emphasise consistency of choice, regardless of the process and the...

The Meanings of Magic